First, are spurs cruel? Well, the simple answer is no. Spurs are tools and the effect they produce is entirely in the hands – or, in this case, feet – of the user. A more complex way of looking at this is to consider their potential for misuse. The rider who becomes angry or frustrated or embarrassed may use spurring as a convenient way of punishing the horse. This is where the effect becomes cruel because the horse feels under attack; an even-tempered rider might arrive incrementally at a similar amount of pressure and never produce the mental state that goes with cruelty. So, maybe a better answer to the question is … it depends.
Second, why use spurs? Clarity, pure
and simple. Without spurs, you still have numerous aids available to you: seat,
legs, hands. Even weight, voice, and the picture you’re holding in your mind
could be considered aids in communicating your wishes to the horse. But with
the spur, you have precision. It’s like you’re saying to the horse, “Move THIS
part of your body away from the pressure you’re feeling.” It’s a very specific
request. Incidentally, spurs are most useful for 1) lateral (sideways) movement
of some body part, and 2) collection, which means elevating the back, getting
the hindquarters more underneath the horse, and lightening the front end.
Note that I’ve said nothing about spurring to get a horse to go faster. Horses
can learn to go faster when spurred but it’s an unnatural way to ask for speed
since moving away from the pressure causes the horse's back to elevate and stride
to shorten.
Third, how do spurs fit into natural horsemanship? The
natural horseman is committed to working with the nature of the horse and
communicating in ways the horse instinctively understands. If you do this, you’re
a natural horseman whether you call yourself that or not. Horses understand and
respect pressure exerted by a more dominant horse. It doesn’t scare them even
when it makes them uncomfortable. Natural horsemen use this knowledge in all they do. A rider using the same level of pressure emotionally
or without regard to the horse’s nature triggers a very different reaction,
which is not only cruel but dangerous and counterproductive, as well.
I would sum it all up like this: Spurs are useful
and humane tools when used by riders committed to the principles of natural
horsemanship, whether they embrace the term or not. For everyone else, spurs
are not appropriate. My hope is that the “everyone else” group is shrinking all
the time. My hope is that one day we can drop the adjective “natural” and just
talk about horsemanship. We’re not there yet, though. The distinction is still
important.